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भारत से जैविक खाद्य उत्पादों का निर्यात विश्व स्तर पर तेजी से बढ़ती मांग के कारण महत्वपूर्ण हो गया है। हालांकि, पिछले पांच वर्षों के आँकड़े निर्यात में उतार-चढ़ाव दर्शाते हैं, जिसका प्रमुख कारण वैश्विक आर्थिक चुनौतियाँ, प्रमाणन संबंधी समस्याएँ, नीतिगत परिवर्तन और भू-राजनीतिक अस्थिरता है। भारत सरकार ने जैविक क्षेत्र को मजबूत बनाने के लिए अनेक योजनाओं और प्रोत्साहनों की शुरुआत की है। Organic food exports from India have gained significant global attention due to rising demand for safe, chemical-free, and sustainably produced food. However, the export data for the last five years indicates fluctuations driven by global economic factors, certification challenges, policy changes, and geopolitical issues. The Government of India has implemented multiple initiatives to strengthen infrastructure, improve market competitiveness, and support farmers and exporters in the organic sector.
जैविक खाद्य निर्यात के आंकड़े साल — मात्रा (MT) — मूल्य (मिलियन USD) 2020-21 — 888179.68 — 1040.95 2021-22 — 460320.40 — 771.96 2022-23 — 312800.51 — 708.33 2023-24 — 261029.00 — 494.80 2024-25 — 368155.04 — 665.97 निर्यात में गिरावट के कारण • वैश्विक बाजार की मंद मांग • अंतरराष्ट्रीय व्यापार अनिश्चितताएँ और भू-राजनीतिक तनाव • गंतव्य देशों में अस्थायी नियामक बदलाव • प्रमाणन निकायों की कमी एवं बढ़ी लेनदेन लागत • बाजार की धारणाओं में बदलाव प्रमाणन आवश्यकताएँ • अमेरिका को निर्यात हेतु USDA-NOP मान्यता प्राप्त प्रमाणन अनिवार्य है। • यूरोपीय संघ को प्रसंस्कृत उत्पादों के निर्यात हेतु EU-मान्यता प्राप्त प्रमाणन आवश्यक है। • 2022 में कुछ प्रमाणन एजेंसियों के सूची से हटाए जाने से स्थिति और प्रभावित हुई। सरकारी समर्थन एवं योजनाएँ वाणिज्य और उद्योग मंत्रालय के तहत एपीडा निम्नलिखित के लिए सहायता देता है: • निर्यात अवसंरचना विकास • गुणवत्ता सुधार • बाजार विकास और प्रचार राष्ट्रीय जैविक उत्पादन कार्यक्रम (NPOP) के तहत: • प्रमाणन निकाय मान्यता • जैविक मानकों का निर्धारण • क्षमता निर्माण, प्रशिक्षण और प्रचार खाद्य प्रसंस्करण उद्योग मंत्रालय की योजनाएँ • पीएम-किसान संपदा योजना • पीएम-एफएमई • पीएलआई-एसएफपीआई इन योजनाओं के माध्यम से बुनियादी ढाँचा, आपूर्ति श्रृंखला और रोजगार के अवसरों को मजबूत किया जा रहा है। निष्कर्ष भारत में जैविक खाद्य उत्पादों का निर्यात उज्ज्वल भविष्य रखता है। बेहतर नीतिगत समर्थन, उत्पादन में वृद्धि, प्रमाणन व्यवस्था में सुधार और आधुनिक लॉजिस्टिक्स से आने वाले वर्षों में निर्यात में महत्वपूर्ण वृद्धि की संभावना है।
Trends in Organic Food Export The export quantity and value from 2020-21 to 2024-25 are shown below: Year — Quantity (MT) — Value (Million USD) 2020-21 — 888179.68 — 1040.95 2021-22 — 460320.40 — 771.96 2022-23 — 312800.51 — 708.33 2023-24 — 261029.00 — 494.80 2024-25 — 368155.04 — 665.97 These figures reveal a sharp decline after 2020-21, followed by partial recovery in 2024-25. Reasons for Decline in Organic Food Export Several factors contributed to this reduction: • Slow demand in global markets • International trade uncertainties and geopolitical tensions • Temporary regulatory changes in importing countries • Issues related to certification and limited number of accredited certification bodies • Increased transaction cost for exporters due to reduced certification availability • Perceptions in market affecting purchasing decisions Certification Requirements • For exports to the USA, exporters must be certified by bodies accredited under the USDA-NOP (National Organic Program). • For exports to the European Union, processed organic food must be certified by EU-recognized certification bodies. • Some certification bodies were removed from EU approval in 2022, which reduced certification space and impacted exports. Government Initiatives for Promotion and Development The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry provides financial assistance for: • Export infrastructure development • Quality improvement and testing support • Market development and international promotion activities APEDA also implements the National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP) which includes certification rules, standards, and promotion of organic farming. Capacity Building & Training APEDA conducts training programs, workshops, and capacity-building initiatives across the country to support stakeholders. Support from Ministry of Food Processing Industries Through schemes such as: • PM-Kisan Sampada Yojana (PMKSY) • PM-FME Scheme • Production Linked Incentive Scheme for Food Processing Industry (PLISFPI) Financial assistance is provided for: • Infrastructure development including cold chain & storage • Creating efficient supply chains from farm to retail • Reducing post-harvest loss • Improving processing levels and export competitiveness Conclusion India’s organic sector has strong potential due to rising domestic production and growing global preference for sustainable food. With supportive government schemes, improved certification systems, and strengthened logistics infrastructure, organic food exports are expected to grow further in the coming years.
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